- Bad Taste, Odor & Color Otherwise harmless contaminants like chlorine, sulfur, iron and manganese that cause taste, color and odor problems.
- Water Hardness hard water contains excessive levels of the minerals calcium an magnesium, a condition fount in 85% of the United States. Hard water shortens the life of household plumbing and water-using appliances, makes cleaning and laundering task more difficult and gradually decreases the efficiency of water heaters.
- Lead used extensively in plumbing materials (pipes and lead-base solder) until the late 1980’s, lead can leach into water supplies. Low levels of lead have been linked to learning disabilities in young children and high levels can cause hypertension in adults.
- Biological Pathogens Waterborne organisms that can cause disease in humans. They include cysts like cryptosporidium and giardia Bacteria lie typhus, fecal coliform and cholera and viruses like influenza. These organisms typically cause unpleasant intestinal disorders and can pose a significant threat to the immune-impaired.
- Nitrates Nitrogen Compounds are sometimes found in ground and surface water in rural areas, often as a result of nitrogen-based fertilizer runoff. Excessive nitrate levels can interfere with the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood, especially in babies, and have been linked to high incidences of miscarriage.
- Heavy Metals Metal like mercury, zinc, copper and cadmium usually enter the water supply as industrial waste and in excessive concentrations, can cause physiological damage to humans, including damage to the central nervous system.
- Radium / Radon Naturally occurring radioactive elements linked to cancer in humans. Radon is found in gaseous form and is absorbed through drinking, as well as through inhalation during washing or showering.
- VOCs (Organic Compounds) Volatile organic compounds, such as the petroleum distillate benzene and the industrial degreasing solution trichloroethylene. High concentrations of VOCs are linked to bladder and rectal cancer.
- Asbestos A fibrous mineral that contaminates water naturally or through its past use in concrete water pipes. Asbestos has been linked to lung and other forms of cancer.
- Arsenic Both natural and manufacturing-induced ground water contaminant, arsenic is linked to various cancers and may damage the circulatory and central nervous systems.
- Sediments solid particulates in water that can settle out over time. The presence of sediments in water is typically an aesthetic concern.
- Low / High pH pH refers to potential hydrogen and is measure of acidity or alkalinity on a 14-pint scale (zero through six is acidic, seven is neural, and eight through 14 is alkaline). Extreme measures of acidity in water can be corrosive, whereas high levels of alkalinity can be the source of aesthetic problems.